中药离子导入联合中药外敷治疗小儿大叶性肺炎

目的观察中药离子导入联合中药外敷治疗对小儿大叶性肺炎的临床疗效。方法将60例大叶性肺炎患儿随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组30例,2组均予以西医抗炎对症支持治疗,合并细菌感染者,选用第3代头孢霉素静滴(具体药物及剂量根据血象情况和药敏试验结果而定);合并肺炎支原体感染者,阿奇霉素(希舒美)静滴10 mg/(kg·d),1次/d,连续静滴3 d,停药4 d,再静滴3 d。以及中药外敷治疗,药物由大黄、芒硝、炒芥子、炒桃仁组成。治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上加用中药离子导入治疗,中药离子导入仪由北京华医新技术研究所生产,药饼药物组成为石膏、杏仁、麻黄、甘草、儿茶等。以上2组均以7 d为1个疗程,治疗1个疗程后观察临床疗效,并以啰音消失时间进行临床疗效评价。结果治疗组总有效率96.67%,对照组总有效率80%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(p<0.05);治疗组啰音消失时间(5.17±1.60)d短于对照组啰音消失时间(7.57±1.22)d,2组比较差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论中药离子导入联合中药外敷达到疏通经络,清热宣肺,止咳平喘之功。     

帛书《五十二病方·祛疣》的巫医文化内涵

述析帛书《五十二病方·祛疣》医方,其施治所用“道具”“仪式或动作”“祝辞”等是巫术治疗的三要素,同时与施术治疗相关的神秘数字“三、七”,特殊时日“月晦日”、咒语“祝辞”“禹步”等既极具巫医文化内涵又与现代医学的“时间生物学”、心理学以及体育疗法等存在理论关联性,很好地佐证了“医起于巫,巫医同源”的观点。通过对其巫医文化内涵的分析,表明巫医存在的时代科学性,同时也存在一定的适用局限性,这都将有利于今后继续对巫医问题进行系统性和前瞻性的讨论研究。     

BRCA1/2突变的中国健康女性乳腺预防性切除及Ⅰ期重建的临床实践

目的:探讨对携带BRCA1/2突变的中国健康女性实施乳腺预防性切除及I期重建的可行性。方法:选择2018年1月至2019年2月3例于北京大学国际医院就诊的携带BRCA1/2突变的中国健康女性,其中2例携带BRCA1突变、1例携带BRCA2突变,均有乳腺癌家族史,年龄为34~36岁,实施预防性保留乳头-乳晕的双侧乳腺切除和Ⅰ期假体重建术。结果:3例患者术后无并发症发生,术后中位随访时间为18个月,均无乳腺癌发生,对重建乳房外形满意,且焦虑和恐惧情绪显著下降,取得良好的疗效。结论:对携带BRCA1/2突变且有乳腺癌家族史的中国健康女性,在严格筛选的基础上,可慎重开展乳腺预防性切除及Ⅰ期重建术。     

中药抗乙肝病毒活性及作用机制的研究进展

乙肝病毒是一种能导致机体产生急性或慢性乙型肝炎（乙肝）的嗜肝性DNA病毒。乙肝现已成为全球性公共卫生疾病，易恶化发展为肝硬化、肝衰竭，甚至肝癌，严重威胁着人类的健康。中药及其活性成分发挥着重要的抗乙肝病毒活性，对中药抗乙肝病毒活性及其作用机制进行综述，以期为今后抗乙肝病毒研究提供一定的参考。     

Near-infrared fluorescence imaging improves the nodal yield in neck dissection in oral cavity cancer – A randomized study

IntroductionLymph node yield (LNY) in neck dissection has been identified as a prognostic factor in oral cavity cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of additional use of optical imaging on LNY in therapeutic ND in oral cancer.MethodsConsecutive patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma with clinical neck metastasis planned for primary tumor resection were randomized to conventional neck dissection or near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF)-guided neck dissection, respectively. In the intervention group, patients were injected with ICG-Nanocoll prior to surgery. Intraoperatively, an optical hand-held camera system was used for lymph node identification. Also, NIRF imaging of the neck specimen was performed, and optical signals were pinned with needle markings to guide the pathological examination. The endpoint of the study was LNY per neck side in levels Ib-III.Results31 patients were included with 18 neck sides in the control group and 18 neck sides in the intervention group for evaluation. During NIRF-guided ND, individual lymph nodes could be identified by a bright fluorescent signal and individual tumor-related drainage patterns could be observed in the neck. The LNY in the intervention group was significantly higher compared to the control group (p = 0.032) with a mean of 24 LN (range: 12–33 LN in levels Ib-III compared to 18 LN (range: 10–36 LN) in the control group, respectively.ConclusionsNIRF-guided ND significantly improved the nodal yield compared to the control group. Intraoperative real-time optical imaging enabled direct visualization of tumor-related drainage patterns within the neck lymphatics.     

中医药治疗宫颈高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染性疾病的系统评价

[目的]系统评价中医药治疗宫颈高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染性疾病的有效性与安全性。[方法]计算机检索中国知网、万方、维普、SinoMed、PubMed及Cochrane数据库,检索期限均从建库至2018年9月。检索中医药治疗宫颈高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HR-HPV)感染性疾病的随机对照试验(RCT),两名评价者独立进行文献筛选与数据提取,采用Cochrane系统评价手册推荐的偏倚风险评估工具对纳入研究进行质量评价,争议通过讨论或咨询第三方解决。[结果]初检得到3 015条文献题录,经筛选最终纳入14个RCT,共1 394例患者。Meta分析结果:14个研究报告了转阴率,中医药与空白对照研究数据Meta分析显示:中医药可提高HR-HPV转阴率[RR=2.63,95%CI(1.96,3.52),P0.000 01];中医药与西药对照研究数据Meta分析显示:中医药在提高HR-HPV转阴率方面疗效优于西药[RR=1.34,95%CI(1.09,1.64),P=0.005];11个研究报告了总有效率,5个研究报告了宫颈炎症状改善积分,结果均提示中医药对宫颈高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染性疾病有一定的疗效;安全性方面,2个研究报告"无不良反应",2个研究报告了局部刺痛、肿胀、潮红、糜烂及瘙痒等不良反应。[结论]在预防及治疗宫颈高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染性疾病方面,中医药具有一定的疗效。由于相关高质量的中医药随机对照试验数量较少,故需要更多研究来进一步验证。     

薄层色谱法在当前中药质量标准中的应用探讨

薄层色谱鉴别在历版《中国药典》中的应用经历了从无到有、从少到多的过程；而薄层扫描含量测定在最近几版《中国药典》中的应用比例逐渐降低。随着对中药质量标准体系要求的进一步提高，薄层色谱法的不足之处陆续显现，如仪器普及率低、设备并不简单、结果重复性和稳定性较差、鉴别速度及准确性不及高效液相色谱法、展开剂毒性大等，逐渐不合时宜。在制定中药质量标准时，研究者不应该墨守成规，薄层色谱鉴别也不应该是雷打不动的定性鉴别必备选项。高效液相色谱法具备完全取代薄层色谱法的可行性，薄层色谱法可作为高效液相色谱法的补充。为充分降低检测成本、缩短检测周期、提高鉴别效率，笔者建议中药质量标准体系应该大幅减少薄层色谱鉴别方法的应用，增加高效液相特征图谱鉴定，尽量做到“一个条件，一张图谱”；除非确有必要，《中国药典》等国家质量标准体系应将薄层色谱鉴别作为推荐方法，而非强制标准。     

Derivation and Validation of a Model to Predict 30-Day Readmission in Surgical Patients Discharged to Skilled Nursing Facility

ObjectivesTo identify factors associated with 30-day all-cause readmission rates in surgical patients discharged to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs), and derive and validate a risk score.DesignRetrospective cohort.Setting and participantsPatients admitted to 1 tertiary hospital's surgical services between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2014 and subsequently discharged to 110 SNFs within a 25-mile radius of the hospital. The first 2 years were used for the derivation set and the last 2 for validation.MethodsData were collected on 30-day all cause readmissions, patient demographics, procedure and surgical service, comorbidities, laboratory tests, and prior health care utilization. Multivariate regression was used to identify risk factors for readmission.ResultsDuring the study period, 2405 surgical patients were discharged to 110 SNFs, and 519 (21.6%) of these patients experienced readmission within 30 days. In a multivariable regression model, hospital length of stay [odds ratio (OR) per day: 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.04], number of hospitalizations in past year (OR 1.24 per hospitalization, 95% CI 1.18-1.31), nonelective surgery (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.18-1.65), low-risk service (orthopedic/spine service) (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.25-0.42), and intermediate-risk service (cardiothoracic surgery/urology/gynecology/ear, nose, throat) (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.53-0.88) were associated with all-cause readmissions. The model had a C index of 0.71 in the validation set. Using the following risk score [0.8 × (hospital length of stay) + 7 × (number of hospitalizations in past year) +10 for nonelective surgery, +36 for high-risk surgery, and +20 for intermediate-risk surgery], a score of >40 identified patients at high risk of 30-day readmission (35.8% vs 12.6%, P < .001).Conclusions/ImplicationsAmong surgical patients discharged to an SNF, a simple risk score with 4 parameters can accurately predict the risk of 30-day readmission.     

脂蛋白肾病1例报道及文献复习

近期重庆市中医院肾病科收治脂蛋白肾病(Lipoprotein glomerulopathy,LPG)1例。现回顾分析病例资料、中西医诊疗及随访情况,并进行文献复习、中医传统理论阐述及讨论。以提高临床对中医药诊治该病的认识。